Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Acute exacerbation of COPD can cause severe difficulties with breathing and/or worsening cough. 

How is a COPD flare-up diagnosed?

How to treat a COPD flare-up



Your COPD symptoms can suddenly get worse for many reasons, including if you have a chest infection, are exposed to lots of pollution or if your COPD isn't well controlled.

## How is a COPD flare-up diagnosed?

You should see a doctor or go to the emergency department immediately if your COPD symptoms seem to be getting worse. A doctor will usually be able to diagnose a flare-up based on your symptoms, previous history of COPD and a physical examination.

Sometimes, you may need some tests, including:

- measurement of the amount of oxygen in your blood using a probe placed on your finger
- chest X-ray
- blood test
- electrocardiogram (ECG)

Your doctor may also send a sample of your phlegm to a laboratory for tests.


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## How to treat a COPD flare-up

If you have a flare-up of COPD, a doctor may give you treatments to take or use at home, but if the flare-up is really bad, you may be admitted to hospital for treatment.

Treatment may include:

- oxygen to help your breathing
- antibiotics – if your doctor thinks you may have a bacterial infection in your lungs
- inhaled medications that help open your airways
- steroid tablets

You can reduce the risk of a future flare-up by not smoking (read more about [how to stop smoking](/self-care/what-happens-stop-smoking) if you currently smoke), making sure you take your COPD medications as directed by your doctor and having regular check-ups to make sure your COPD is well controlled.

You should also have the recommended [flu and pneumococcal vaccinations](/health-library/drugs/the-flu-shot-preventing-flu-to-help-keep-you-healthy) to help reduce your risk of a chest infection.


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References

Dr Lauretta Ihonor

Dr Ann Nainan

Article information

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A COPD flare up is when the symptoms of COPD suddenly get worse. It can happen for many reasons. Find out how to tell if you’re having a COPD flare up and how to treat it.