Excessive thirst

Normally, feeling thirsty is the brain's way of warning that you're

because you're not drinking the amount of fluid your body needs. You can soon quench your thirst and restore the fluid balance in your body after having a drink.

If thirst is excessive and persistent, it could be a sign of

or another underlying health condition (see below).

Doctors often refer to abnormal thirst as 'polydipsia'.

Points to consider

It's worth thinking about what you've been eating and drinking recently. Eating more salty or spicy foods than normal can cause a sudden increase in thirst.

Thirst can also be caused by losing excessive amounts of water from the body. This can happen after:

• intense exercise where water is lost through sweating
• diarrhoea
  and
  vomiting

A dry mouth or excessive thirst can sometimes be a side effect of certain types of medication, such as antidepressants,

or diuretics (water tablets). These medicines can affect the salivary glands, leading to a reduction in the amount of saliva they produce.

If a particular medicine is causing your dry mouth, it may be possible to change to a different medicine or reduce your dose. Speak to your doctor about this.

In women, feeling thirsty can also be one of the [symptoms of pregnancy]. This is because of hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.

When to see your doctor

You should see your doctor if you:

• feel thirsty all the time for no apparent reason
• feel thirsty all of the time and you also have other symptoms, such as extreme tiredness (fatigue) or passing a lot of urine

Your doctor will probably carry out a blood glucose test to see whether you have diabetes.

Diabetes clues

As well as feeling thirsty, people with diabetes usually feel very tired and need to go to the toilet a lot, particularly at night.

If you have diabetes, your body will be unable to break down glucose into energy. This is because either the body doesn't produce enough of the hormone insulin to move the glucose, or the insulin that is produced doesn't work properly.

Read more about type 1 diabetes and

.

Other causes of thirst

There are also many other potential causes of a dry mouth or severe thirst. These include:

• excessive bleeding
• sickle cell anaemia
  - an inherited blood disorder that mainly affects African people
• diabetic ketoacidosis
  - a dangerous complication of diabetes caused by a lack of insulin in the body
• Sjogren's syndrome
  - where the body’s immune system attacks glands that secrete fluid, such as the tear and saliva glands
• psychogenic polydipsia - where a person with a mental health condition, such as
  schizophrenia
  , drinks excessive amounts of water that can't be excreted (got rid of) by the kidneys

Any condition that leads to dehydration will cause thirst.

Hot weather and exercise

It's very important to drink plenty of water or other drinks (non-alcoholic) during hot weather and while exercising or doing other types of strenuous physical activity

Remember that you need to take on board extra fluid while exercising in hot conditions to avoid becoming dehydrated.