The risk of an infection being passed on in this way largely depends on the type of infection and how you come into contact with the infected blood.

What is the risk of infection from someone else's blood? 

<h1>Which infections can be passed on?</h1> The most common blood-borne viruses in the UK are: <ul> <li><a href="/hepatitis/hepatitis-b">Hepatitis B</a></li> <li><a href="/hepatitis/hepatitis-c">Hepatitis C</a></li> <li><a href="/hiv-aids">HIV</a></li> </ul> These viruses can also be found in body fluids other than blood, such as semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Other body fluids such as urine, saliva and sweat only carry a very small risk of infection, unless they contain blood. However, the presence of blood is not always obvious, and it is possible for someone to have one of these infections without realising it.

Routes of transmission

The chance of an infection being passed on from someone else's blood also depends on how you come into contact with the infected blood. This is known as the route of transmission. The risks associated with different routes of transmission are outlined below. ::: body-ad-desktop zones:: 232632,232471,232640 types:: 163 disclaimer:: AD typeFilter:: native_ad adCount:: 1 ::: ::: body-ad-mobile zones:: 232632,232471,232642 types:: 5,163 disclaimer:: ADVERTISEMENT typeFilter:: display/native_ad adCount:: 1 :::

Higher risk of infection

The risk of an infection being passed on is highest if your skin is broken or punctured as you come into contact with the infected blood. For example, if: <ul> <li>you puncture your skin with a used needle or other sharp object that has infected blood on it</li> <li>someone with blood in their saliva bites you and breaks your skin</li> </ul> ::: body-ad-mobile zones:: 232632,232471,233460 types:: 5 disclaimer:: ADVERTISEMENT typeFilter:: display adCount:: 1 :::

Lower risk of infection

The risk of an infection being passed on from someone else's blood is lower if the blood only comes into contact with your eyes, mouth, nose, or skin that's already broken. For example, if someone spits in your face, they may have blood in their saliva and it may get in your eyes, mouth or nose. The infected saliva may also get into an existing cut, graze or scratch. There is also a lower risk of infection if infected blood comes into contact with skin that is already broken due to a health condition like <a href="/eczema">eczema</a>. ::: body-ad-mobile zones:: 232632,232471,245869 types:: 5 disclaimer:: ADVERTISEMENT typeFilter:: display adCount:: 1 :::

Very low risk of infection

The risk of infection is very low if infected blood comes into contact with unbroken skin.



The risk of an infection being passed on in this way largely depends on the type of infection and how you come into contact with the infected blood.

### Which infections can be passed on?

The most common blood-borne viruses in the UK are:

- [Hepatitis B](/hepatitis/hepatitis-b)
- [Hepatitis C](/hepatitis/hepatitis-c)
- [HIV](/hiv-aids)

These viruses can also be found in body fluids other than blood, such as semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Other body fluids such as urine, saliva and sweat only carry a very small risk of infection, unless they contain blood.

However, the presence of blood is not always obvious, and it is possible for someone to have one of these infections without realising it.

## Routes of transmission

The chance of an infection being passed on from someone else's blood also depends on how you come into contact with the infected blood. This is known as the route of transmission. The risks associated with different routes of transmission are outlined below.


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## Higher risk of infection

The risk of an infection being passed on is highest if your skin is broken or punctured as you come into contact with the infected blood.

For example, if:

- you puncture your skin with a used needle or other sharp object that has infected blood on it
- someone with blood in their saliva bites you and breaks your skin


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## Lower risk of infection

The risk of an infection being passed on from someone else's blood is lower if the blood only comes into contact with your eyes, mouth, nose, or skin that's already broken.

For example, if someone spits in your face, they may have blood in their saliva and it may get in your eyes, mouth or nose. The infected saliva may also get into an existing cut, graze or scratch.

There is also a lower risk of infection if infected blood comes into contact with skin that is already broken due to a health condition like [eczema](/eczema).


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## Very low risk of infection

The risk of infection is very low if infected blood comes into contact with unbroken skin.

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References

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Article information

All of Healthily's articles undergo medical safety checks to verify that the information is medically safe. View more details in our <a href="/safety" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">safety page</a>, or read our <a href="/legal/editorial-policy-principles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">editorial policy</a>.

Some infections can be passed on in blood or in body fluids (such as saliva) that can become mixed with blood. Learn about the risk of infections from blood here - using content verified by certified doctors.